Diabetes and Obesity

Aigerim Seidinova is a researcher and doctoral student(PhD). She is interested in the field of metabolism and diabetology, and also loves to use new modern innovative technologies in her research work. This research is a personal initiative of the author and started in 2017 in the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan. This time work is completed, various parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on insulin pump therapy have been investigated.

AbstractrnBackground. rnType 2 diabetes accounts for 90% of all types of diabetes [1]. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that often exacerbates lipid metabolism, affects weight. Several studies have been devoted to the study of body mass index (BMI) in people with diabetes on a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) [2,3,4]. Extremely little has been studied about the lipid changes in patients with diabetes on the CSII. Thus, people with type 2 diabetes need more detailed research on (CSII) [5]. rnThe purpose: rnTo study lipid parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes on a CSII and MDI.rnMaterials and methods.rnIn this research work, lipid data (Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL) were compared in patients with type 2 diabetes who were on CSII (n = 105) and MDI (n = 105). All patients were divided into subgroups by age (45-50; 51-55; 56-65 years); on the duration of the disease (5-10 years; 11-15 years; 16 years and above) and on gender differences (men and women).rnResults rnComparative analysis showed high statistical confidence between the average cholesterol levels of the studied groups at the level of p ≤ 0.001. Similarly, it was with HDL, at the level of p ≤ 0.001. When comparing only in women, LDL was found to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). Comparison of the average values of triglycerides by sex, age, duration of the disease was not found a significant statistical significance (p> 0.05).rnConclusion rnThe method of treatment of CSII influenced the level of lipids, in patients cholesterol was lower compared to the MDI. However, CSII did not affect triglycerides, only in female. rnKey words: Diabetes mellitus, Cholesterol,CSII, MDI. rn

Chuan Zhang has her expertise in evaluation and passion in improving the diabetes and Obesity. She has been engaged in clinical and scientific research for more than 30 years, and she tries to combine the knowledge and technology she has learned in Japan with his clinical work. She has designed this experiment after years of experience in research, evaluation, teaching and administration both in hospital and education institutions. This research provides an new incisivus point for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and provide the theoretical and experiment bases for treatment of diabetic β cell failure

Glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes α to β cell Trans-differentiation in the absence of MafArnChuan ZhangrnSecond Hospital of Jilin University, China rnAbstract-rnStatement of the Problem: Diabetes is a chronic disease caused by the relative or absolute lack of functional pancreatic β cells and is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes islets exhibit worse glucose-stimulated insulin secretion than normal islets and a decrease in MafA expression. Researchers have reported that GLP-1 plays important roles in the differentiation and regeneration of pancreatic β cells. However, this perspective that GLP-1 can play an important role in α cell trans-differentiation under the condition of MafA gene deletion and can produce new insulin-producing cells has not been previously studied. The purpose of this study is that glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes α to βtrans-differentiation in the absence of MafA.rnMethodology & Theoretical Orientation: Male MafA-deficient mice were injected GLP-1 (50 µg/kg body weigh) daily for 4 weeks. Blood glucose level and body weight were measured, and the numbers of immunofluorescent islet α cells and β cells were analyzed by Immunohistochemical analysis. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to analysis the change in related transcription. rnFindings: GLP-1-treated mice exhibit improved blood glucose levels without hypoglycemia. Mice injected with GLP-1 increase β cell regeneration by promoting α-β cell trans-differentiation. GLP-1-treated mice may induce the conversion of α cells into β cells by inducing PDX-1 production. rnConclusion & Significance: GLP-1 can reduce fasting blood glucose, decrease body weight, increase β cell regeneration by promoting α to β cell trans-differentiation. This research provides an new incisive point for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and provide the theoretical and experiment bases for treatment of diabetic β cell failure.rn rnrnRecent Publications rn1. Chen, S., et al., Transient overexpression of cyclin D2/CDK4/GLP1 genes induces proliferation and differentiation of adult pancreatic progenitors and mediates islet regeneration. Cell Cycle, 2012. 11(4): p. 695-705.rn2. Liu, M.J., et al., Prolonged Remission of Diabetes by Regeneration of beta Cells in Diabetic Mice Treated with Recombinant Adenoviral Vector Expressing Glucagon-like Peptide-1. Mol Ther, 2007. 15(1): p. 86-93.rn3. Thorel, F., et al., Conversion of adult pancreatic alpha-cells to beta-cells after extreme beta-cell loss. Nature, 2010. 464(7292): p. 1149-54.rn4. Guo, S., et al., Inactivation of specific beta cell transcription factors in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Invest, 2013. 123(8): p. 3305-16.rn5. Zhang, C., et al., MafA is a key regulator of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Mol Cell Biol, 2005. 25(12): p. 4969-76.rnBiography-rnChuan Zhang has her expertise in evaluation and passion in improving the diabetes and Obesity. She has been engaged in clinical and scientific research for more than 30 years, and she tries to combine the knowledge and technology she has learned in Japan with his clinical work. She has designed this experiment after years of experience in research, evaluation, teaching and administration both in hospital and education institutions. This research provides an new incisivus point for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and provide the theoretical and experiment bases for treatment of diabetic β cell failurernwangs93@sina.comrnrnNotes/Comments:

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has emerged as an epidemic problem in Egypt. Diabetes is a chronic illness that requires a holistic approach in terms of care to prevent both acute and long-term complications. Nutrition therapy for diabetics can be divided into (1) dietary interventions and (2) physical activity. Lifestyle and dietary modifications form the cornerstone of therapy in type II diabetic patients (insulin resistance). Lifestyle modification interventions are a top priority for prevention and control many of chronic diseases. \r\nThe purpose: The current study was to examine the effect of Nutrition therapy intervention on reducing some of modifiable risk factors among adult diabetic women. Methods: A quasi experimental design was used to test research hypothesis. A convenience Sample of 104 adult women who diagnosed as type II diabetes was selected. Setting: this study was conducted in the out-patient clinic of Teaching Hospital, at Shebin El-Kom City, Egypt. Tools for data collection: A) Interviewing questionnaire, B) Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS), C) 24 hours dietary recall, D) Exercise questionnaire and E) Bio physiological Measurements.\r\nResults: There was statistical significant improvement in medication adherences post intervention compared to pre intervention. Also, there was statistical significant decrease in calories intake post intervention than before intervention. The implementation of Nutrition therapy and lifestyle modification interventions is more effective in redacting random blood sugar in post than pre intervention (227.8±128.9 to 157.5±37.9 respectively). Conclusions: Nutrition therapy intervention can favorably decrease some of modifiable risk factors among adult diabetic women. \r\nRecommendation: Encourage nurses to provide health education about Nutrition therapy and lifestyle modification intervention to enhance patient care, and adoption of healthy behavior.\r\nKeywords: Type II Diabetes, Adult Women and Nutrition therapy. \r\n

Background: A cornerstone of diabetes treatment is attention to lifestyle. Lifestyle modification, although different, is an equally integral part of diabetes management. Unhealthy lifestyles, such as lack of physical activity and excessive eating, initiate and propagate the majority of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the role of dietary and exercise recommendations amongst type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: Subjects: A purposive sample of all diabetic patients 30 years or older diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and on clinic care for two or more years who contact the Internal Medicine Clinic in Shebin El-kom Teaching Hospital were included in this study. Instruments: It consisted of self administered questionnaire: It included two constructed tools; 1) questionnaire for socio demographic data including age, educational level, employment, and marital status, …etc. 2) Lifestyle Questionnaire consisted of yes/no and multiple-choice questions related to perceptions related to lifestyle modification recommendations of diet & exercise, adherence/non- adherence to lifestyle modification recommendations, social and environmental variables as reasons for non- adhering to life style modification of diet & exercise. Results: The study showed that the the majority of the studied subjects reported that healthy dietary habits has a role in management of diabetes and perceived that healthy dietary habits helps to control blood sugar (94.0%, 92.7% respectively). Also, The highest percentage of the studied subjects reported that gentle aerobic exercise has a role in management of diabetes and perceived that exercise helps to control blood sugar (89.3%, 88.7% respectively). Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes patients are not adherent to diet and exercise recommendations and no particular single reason could be attributed to poor adherence to either diet or exercise recommendations, rather a combination of many factors. Recommendations: Health care providers should play a role in increasing patients awareness of the non- adherence factors of lifestyle modification.\r\nKeywords: Diabetes, Diet and Exercise.\r\n